490 BCE Athenians defeat Persians at Marathon
480 BCE Thermopylae
Athens and its allies defeat Persians on the sea at Salamis
479 BCE Sparta and its allies defeat the Persians on land at Plataea
454 BCE Pericles establishes the Athenian Empire
431 BCE Peloponnesian War (between Athens and Sparta and their allies) begins
429 BCE Great plague; death of Pericles
411 BCE Defeat in Syracuse; Tyranny of the 400
404 BCE Surrender of Athens; Tyranny of the 30
403 BCE Tyranny overthrown
399 BCE Trial and death of Socrates